2019/12/1/ · Manure is the principal food of many insects in nature, and these insects can effectively convert manure into fertilizer while maintaining a low environmental cost and recycling waste, especially black solider fly larvae (BSFL) (Lalander et al., 2019).BSFL, i.e., Hermetia illucens (Diptera:Stratiomyidae), live outdoors and do not disturb the normal life of human